Residential small wind turbine systems

2008-08-11T21:05:00.000-07:00

The generator is basically an electric motor. As the coils in the motor spin past the magnets, an electric current is produced. The power produced is stored in batteries, which are connected to an inverter to change the direct current to alternating current, which can then be used to power your home. The advancement of motor efficiency, is the reason wind turbines have become so popular for home use.

-Hub and Blades
.... This is the easiest part, because you wont have to build anything yourself here. Whenever you buy a guide you will receive a list of sites from where you can buy hub and blades for very cheap price.
(the blades) these are the components that actually catch the wind. They can be made from PVC pipe.

-The tail and hub assembly
.... Building the tail part is relatively artistic, because there are hundreds of different designs to choose from. I usually cut my tail out from wood or PVC plastic which is really cheap. There are also other materials you can use for building the tail part, be creative!... The tail will point the blades into the wind. The hub will connect the blades and tail into one unit.

-The motor and motor casing
....The electric motor will be what coverts the wind energy drawn in by the blades to usable electricity. The casing will protect the motor from mother nature.

-The tower
....The tower acts as the supporting element. It will lift the turbine into the wind... Seems like a enormous thing to build, but it is easy, because you only have to get a hold on a flagpole or smth. These items are usually really cheap and give awesome results.

Smaller blades can be made from light metals such as aluminum. Wood and canvas sails were originally used on early windmills due to their low price, availability, and ease of manufacture. These materials, however, require frequent maintenance during their lifetime. Also, wood and canvas have a relatively high drag (low aerodynamic efficiency) as compared to the force they capture. For these reasons they have been mostly replaced by solid airfoils.

The speed and torque at which a wind turbine rotates must be controlled for several reasons.

-To optimize the aerodynamic efficiency of the rotor in light winds.
-To keep the generator within its speed and torque limits.
-To keep the rotor and hub within their centripetal force limits. The centripetal force from the spinning rotors increases as the square of the rotation speed, which makes this structure sensitive to overspeed.
-To keep the rotor and tower within their strength limits. Because the power of the wind increases as the cube of the wind speed, turbines have to be built to survive much higher wind loads (such as gusts of wind) than those from which they can practically generate power. Since the blades generate more downwind force (and thus put far greater stress on the tower) when they are producing torque, most wind turbines have ways of reducing torque in high winds.
-To enable maintenance; because it is dangerous to have people working on a wind turbine while it is active, it is sometimes necessary to bring a turbine to a full stop.
-To reduce noise; As a rule of thumb, the noise from a wind turbine increases with the fifth power of the relative wind speed (as seen from the moving tip of the blades). In noise-sensitive environments, the tip speed can be limited to approximately 60 m/s (200 ft/s).

Smaller scale turbines for residential scale use are available, they are usually approximately 7 feet (2 m) to 25 feet (8 m) in diameter and produce electricity at a rate of 900 watts to 10,000 watts at their tested wind speed. Some units have been designed to be very lightweight in their construction, e.g. 16 kilograms (35 lb), allowing sensitivity to minor wind movements and a rapid response to wind gusts typically found in urban settings and easy mounting much like a television antenna. It is claimed that they are inaudible even a few feet under the turbine. Dynamic braking regulates the speed by dumping excess energy, so that the turbine continues to produce electricity even in high winds. The dynamic braking resistor may be installed inside the building to provide heat (during high winds when more heat is lost by the building, while more heat is also produced by the braking resistor). The location makes low voltage (around 12 volt) distribution practical.

-Small wind turbines are wind turbines which have lower energy output than large commercial wind turbines, such as those found in wind farms. These turbines may be as small as a fifty watt generator for boat or caravan use. Small units often have direct drive generators, direct current output, aeroelastic blades, lifetime bearings and use a vane to point into the wind. Larger, more costly turbines generally have geared power trains, alternating current output, flaps and are actively pointed into the wind. Direct drive generators and aeroelastic blades for large wind turbines are being researched.

Blade design (Blade Residential Wind Generator Kit )

The ratio between the speed of the wind and the speed the blade tips is called Tip speed ratio. High efficiency 3-blade-turbines have tip speed/wind speed ratios of 6 to 7.

Modern wind turbines are designed to spin at varying speeds (a consequence of their generator design, see above). Use of aluminum and composites in their blades has contributed to low rotational inertia, which means that newer wind turbines can accelerate quickly if the winds pick up, keeping the tip speed ratio more nearly constant. Operating closer to their optimal tip speed ratio during energetic gusts of wind allows wind turbines to improve energy capture from sudden gusts that are typical in urban settings.

In contrast, older style wind turbines were designed with heavier steel blades, which have higher inertia, and rotated at speeds governed by the AC frequency of the power lines. The high inertia buffered the changes in rotation speed and thus made power output more stable.

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Residential small wind turbine systems

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Small Wind Turbines for Home ( rooftop )

Residential small wind turbine systems